| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Bess of Hardwick ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Bess of Hardwick
Elizabeth Talbot, Countess of Shrewsbury (c. 1527-1608),〔Mary S. Lovell: ''Bess of Hardwick''〕 known as Bess of Hardwick, was a notable figure of 16th century Elizabethan English society. By a series of well-made marriages, she rose to the highest levels of English nobility and became enormously wealthy. Her exact birthdate is unknown but is most likely to be in the last half of 1527 according to her witness statement under oath〔Public record Office, Kew; C1/1101〕 at a court hearing in October 1546, in which she gives her age at the time of her first marriage in May 1543 as being 'of tender years', i.e. less than 16. It cannot be later than 1527 because of the date of her father's death given in his Inquisition Post Mortem.〔PRO:E/150/743/8〕
She was married four times, firstly to Robert Barlow, who died aged about fourteen or fifteen on 24 December 1544; secondly to the courtier Sir William Cavendish; thirdly to Sir William St Loe; and lastly to George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury, sometime keeper to the captive Mary, Queen of Scots. An accomplished needlewoman, Bess joined her husband's captive charge, Queen Mary Stuart, at Chatsworth House for extended periods in 1569, 1570, and 1571, during which time they worked together on the Oxburgh Hangings.〔Digby, ''Elizabethan Embroidery'', p. 58-63〕
In 1601, Bess ordered an inventory of the household furnishings including textiles at her three properties at Chatsworth, Hardwick and Chelsea, which survives, and in her will she bequeathed these items to her heirs to be preserved in perpetuity. The 400-year-old collection, now known as the Hardwick Hall textiles, is the largest collection of tapestry, embroidery, canvaswork, and other textiles to have been preserved by a single private family.〔Levey, ''Of Household Stuff'', p.10-11; Levey, ''An Elizabethan Inheritance'', p. 20-39 ''passim''〕 Bess is also well known for her building projects, the most famous of which are: Chatsworth, now the seat of the Dukes of Devonshire (whose family name is still "Cavendish", because they are descended from the children of her second marriage), and Hardwick Hall, which inspired the rhyme, "Hardwick Hall, more glass than wall", because of the number and size of its windows.〔(Royal Institute of British Architects )〕
==Origins==
Elizabeth Hardwick was the daughter of John Hardwick of Derbyshire by his wife Elizabeth Leeke, daughter of Thomas Leeke and Margaret Fox. The Hardwicks had arrived in Derbyshire from Sussex by the mid thirteenth century and farmed land granted by Robert Savage, lord of the manor of Slingsby, on the north-east border of Derbyshire, looking over Nottinghamshire. By the mid fifteenth century the family had risen to 'gentleman-yeoman' stock with an estate of a few hundred acres located mainly in the parish of Ault Hucknall in the manor of Slingsby. The Hardwick coat of arms of Hardwick was probably granted c.1450 to William Hardwick. The blazon is: ''Argent, a saltier engrailed azure on a chief of the second three cinquefoils of the first''.〔Burke's General Armory, 1884〕 When giving evidence of his right to arms in 1569, Bess's only brother, James Hardwick (1525-1580/1), provided the heralds with a pedigree of his family which began with this William who died c. 1453. James was the last surviving legitimate male member of the Hardwick family. The Hardwicks were members of the minor gentry of Scarsdale, no male member of the Hardwick family rose above the status of esquire or held any important local or county offices. Bess was born into this relatively minor gentry family. Her 4th marriage to the earl of Shrewsbury in 1567 elevated her to the rank of 'countess' and following the earl's death in November 1590 Bess became one of the richest women in the kingdom and set about building her greatest monument, Hardwick New Hall, which was completed in 1599.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Bess of Hardwick」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|